Black Cohosh

Cimicifuga Racemosa

Native Americans valued Black Cohosh for its benefits in many conditions ranging from gynaecological problems to rattlesnake bites. Some American physicians used Black Cohosh for problems such as fever, menstrual cramps, arthritis and insomnia. Recent scientific investigation has upheld the use of black cohosh in treating both dysmenorrhoea and menopausal symptoms.

HORMONE BALANCING - Black Cohosh is one of the main herbs recommended in Germany for menopause, PMS and secondary amenorrhoea. As a woman approaches menopause, the signals between the ovaries and the pituitary gland diminishes, slowing down oestrogen production and increasing lutenising hormone (LH) secretions. This hormonal shift results in many of the unpleasant symptoms such as hot flushes, depression, joint pain, nervousness etc. Clinical studies from Germany have demonstrated that an extract of Black Cohosh decreases lutenising hormone (LH) secretions in menopausal women. Hot flushes seem to be the most physical evidence of these hormonal changes. The isoflavone, Formononetin, is a key constituent in the herb that has been shown in studies to bind to oestrogen receptor sites. Another phytochemical, cimicifugoside, is believed to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary system. Research results indicate that black cohosh is a suitable natural alternative/adjunct to conventional menopause remedies, with improvements being noted in both physical and psychological symptoms.
OSTEOPOROSIS - a recent study suggests Black Cohosh may protect against osteoporosis. It is likely that the isoflavone content along with other phytochemical interaction assist with hormonal balance. In addition, best results are likely to be achieved through increasing exercise levels and improvements in the diet e.g. more soya, fruits, vegetables, water, EFAs and reductions in caffeine, sugar and acid forming foods.
PRE-MENSTRUAL SYNDROME - There have been many positive reports from Europe regarding the use of black cohosh for PMS, mostly due to its effects as a hormone balancer. In many cases of PMS the combination of Black Cohosh with Chasteberry (Agnus Castus) often results in greater improvements. Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhoea) and uterine spasms may also be relieved by the use of Black Cohosh.
ARTHRITIS - Research has demonstrated that extracts of Black Cohosh exert anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects helping to fight pain. This additional effect is often helpful in resolving many symptoms in female hormonal disorders.

Dosage

The average recommended dose is 200-250mg three times per day. May be taken long term at normal dosages although the Commission E recommends not more than 6 months.

Potential applications

Research suggests that Black Cohosh is a suitable remedy for the treatment of menopausal and PMS symptoms (e.g. ovarian pain). May also be suitable for polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility and other conditions where LH is elevated. There is relevant research pointing to its benefits in hypertension, reducing high cholesterol, reducing mucus production i.e. chest infections, expectorant action. Benefits are also noted for depression, headaches, and cardiovascular and circulatory disorders.

Known contraindications

Should not be used by pregnant or lactating women. Very large amounts (several grams) of Black Cohosh may cause abdominal pain, nausea, headaches and dizziness.

Interactions

Women taking oestrogen therapy (HRT) should consult a knowledgeable nutritionist/herbalist before commencing to use Black Cohosh. It would appear appropriate to use Black Cohosh and tamoxifen concurrently although professional guidance by a physician is recommended.

Use in conjunction with

Menopause - Calcium, magnesium and boron, Vitamin E, digestive enzymes and EFAs
PMS - EFAs, magnesium and B6, calcium, magnesium and zinc, B complex, milk thistle

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